Study on centralized disposal of hazardous wastes and comprehensive utilization of resources
Hazardous waste refers to waste that is potentially hazardous due to its chemical, physical or biological properties, as well as its quantity and concentration. The sources of hazardous waste are mainly the following: (1) Waste generated in the industrial production process: waste generated in the industrial production process often contains harmful substances, such as chemicals, heavy metals, organic solvents and so on. These wastes are characterized by large quantity, high concentration and strong harmfulness. (2) Medical waste: Medical waste refers to the waste generated by medical institutions, disease prevention and control institutions, pharmacies, laboratories, etc. Medical waste contains infectious substances, toxic substances and radioactive substances, etc., which has a high hazard. (3) Agricultural waste: Waste generated in the process of agricultural production includes pesticides, fertilizers, livestock and poultry manure. The chemicals in these wastes are toxic and polluting to a certain extent, causing potential harm to the environment and human health. (4) Construction and decoration waste: the waste generated in the construction and decoration process includes discarded building materials, decoration materials, paints, coatings, etc. The chemicals and harmful substances in these wastes may cause pollution and harm to the environment and human health. (5) Municipal solid waste: municipal solid waste contains a variety of waste, such as plastic products, glass, metal, paper and so on. Some of the chemicals and hazardous substances in these wastes may pose potential hazards to the environment and human health.
In short, hazardous waste comes from a variety of sources, which are characterized by potential hazards, including chemical, physical and biological characteristics. The correct treatment and disposal of hazardous waste is an important task to protect the environment and human health.
(1) Physical handling technology of hazardous waste
Physical processing technology refers to the use of physical methods to treat hazardous waste, and its principle is to use physical methods to transform harmful substances in hazardous waste into other substances, so that it becomes a recyclable resource. This method can not only treat hazardous waste, but also realize comprehensive utilization of resources. For example, after the hazardous substances in hazardous waste are converted into other substances, they can be used as fertilizers. The physical handling technology of hazardous waste mainly includes dry method and wet method. The dry method mainly deals with harmful substances by natural air drying or natural evaporation. The wet rule is to treat hazardous waste through chemical agents and convert harmful substances in hazardous waste into other substances. It should be noted that when applying physical processing technology, its security must be ensured, and only after ensuring its security can it be used.
(2) Chemical disposal technology of hazardous waste
The chemical disposal technology of hazardous waste is a technology to recover useful substances from hazardous waste, which can effectively reduce the pollution caused by hazardous waste to the environment. Chemical processing technology includes melting treatment, curing treatment and ion exchange treatment. Among them, the melting treatment technology is to melt the metals in the hazardous waste directly into the slag, to achieve the purpose of reducing the production of harmful substances. Curing treatment technology is the use of solid and liquid adsorption between the harmful substances into harmless substances, such as: cement curing, ceramic curing and so on. Ion exchange treatment technology is to react chemical reagents with metals in waste, so that the metal ions contained in it can be separated. Another example is the oxidation of copper in hazardous waste with hydrogen peroxide, so that the copper contained in it can be separated. Hazardous waste chemical disposal technology has the advantages of simple operation and low cost, and has been favored by relevant departments and enterprises [3].
(3) Biological handling technology of hazardous waste
Biodisposal technology is a method to reduce the toxic and harmful components in hazardous wastes by using biotechnology. The technology mainly includes two steps: first, the use of microorganisms to transform toxic and harmful components of hazardous waste into harmless substances, and then, these harmless substances are solidified to reduce their toxicity; Secondly, the cured material is used as fertilizer. In the biological processing technology, the hazardous waste is first transformed by microorganisms, and then the toxic and harmful components are solidified. The technology has the characteristics of simple operation, low investment and low energy consumption, so it has a wide application prospect in the centralized disposal of hazardous waste.
(1) Strengthening the management of hazardous waste recycling
In the management of hazardous waste, hazardous waste recovery management is a very important link. Relevant departments should do a good job in the publicity of hazardous waste recycling, improve people's awareness of hazardous waste through various ways, so as to improve people's enthusiasm to participate in hazardous waste recycling. At the same time, the relevant departments should also classify the hazardous waste and record it in detail to facilitate future review and analysis. In addition, the relevant departments should also establish and improve the hazardous waste recycling system, and strengthen the recovery and management of hazardous waste by establishing a sound recycling system. Finally, the relevant departments should also strengthen the collection, transportation and treatment of hazardous waste.
(2) Establish a sound hazardous waste collection system
In order to avoid secondary pollution in the collection process of hazardous waste, relevant departments should establish a sound hazardous waste collection system to ensure that hazardous waste can be collected safely and conveniently. On the one hand, the relevant departments should strengthen the supervision and management of hazardous waste treatment, and it is strictly forbidden to dump hazardous waste at will, so as not to cause environmental pollution; On the other hand, the relevant departments should strengthen the supervision of hazardous waste treatment institutions, and put an end to the dumping and stacking of hazardous waste at will. In addition, it should also strengthen the supervision of hazardous waste transportation links to ensure that there will be no secondary pollution problems during transportation. To sum up, in order to avoid serious pollution of hazardous waste to the environment, relevant departments should take effective measures to establish a sound hazardous waste collection system, so as to provide a solid foundation for the centralized disposal of hazardous waste and comprehensive utilization of resources.
(3) Strengthen technical training on hazardous waste management
The training of hazardous waste management technology is to improve the management level of hazardous waste and ensure the stability of enterprise production and social and economic development. In order to improve the stability of enterprise production and social and economic development, it is necessary to strengthen the training of hazardous waste management technology, especially the professional training of personnel engaged in hazardous waste management, improve their professional quality and work ability, and lay a good foundation for the centralized disposal of hazardous waste and comprehensive utilization of resources.
To sum up, in the work of environmental protection, the development of hazardous waste management will directly affect the effect of environmental protection, so relevant departments must take effective measures to strengthen the importance of hazardous waste management. First of all, the relevant departments must establish a sound hazardous waste recycling management system, constantly improve the recovery and treatment process of hazardous waste, and formulate scientific and reasonable hazardous waste recycling and treatment standards. Secondly, in the comprehensive utilization of hazardous waste resources, the relevant departments must strengthen the collection of hazardous waste and use advanced technical means to carry out harmless treatment. In addition, the relevant departments also need to actively promote the application of comprehensive utilization of resources technology, and give full play to its role in solving the problem of hazardous waste. Finally, the relevant departments also need to strengthen the training of relevant technical personnel, and constantly improve their professional ability and professionalism to ensure that they can be competent for relevant work.
Source: https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/d7YakQkR_64tAyJAIyONWQ