Expert opinion According to local conditions to promote the classification of domestic waste to improve the quality and efficiency
The 20th National Congress of the CPC clarified the goal of China's comprehensive realization of Chinese-style modernization, and pointed out that promoting harmonious coexistence between man and nature is the essential requirement of Chinese-style modernization. To promote harmonious coexistence between man and nature, we should focus on four aspects: accelerating the green transformation of development mode, deepening the prevention and control of environmental pollution, enhancing the diversity, stability and sustainability of the ecosystem, and actively and steadily promoting carbon peak carbon neutrality.
The classification and treatment of domestic waste are closely related to the above four aspects. First of all, domestic waste is the end product of residents' life and consumption, and garbage classification is the active, refined and whole-process management of garbage. Through the gradual improvement of relevant laws, regulations, systems and policies, it will inevitably have a positive effect on the upstream production, circulation and consumption links, guide the formation of green and low-carbon production modes and lifestyles, and thus help accelerate the green transformation of development modes.
Secondly, domestic waste is an important node in the prevention and control of cross-media environmental pollution, and has special importance in the battle to protect the blue sky, clear water and clean land. The classification and treatment of domestic waste is a key task in the construction of environmental infrastructure and the improvement of urban and rural living environment, and is indispensable to further promote the prevention and control of environmental pollution.
Third, domestic waste contains more plastic waste, with the economic and social development of its proportion is increasing, plastic waste inevitably pollute the environment. Domestic waste also contains many kinds of new pollutants, which is an important factor affecting the diversity, stability and sustainability of the ecosystem.
Finally, traditional domestic waste disposal methods produce greenhouse gases such as methane. The classified recycling and recycling of domestic waste can save a lot of primary resources and energy consumption, and contribute to the realization of the "double carbon" goal.
China's municipal solid waste classification and treatment has entered a new stage of improving quality and efficiency. In recent years, China has further promoted the classification of domestic waste, and 46 pilot cities and cities above the prefecture level have gradually established and improved the whole chain of facilities and management systems for the classification, collection, transportation, and treatment of domestic waste. The National Housing urban and rural Construction Work Conference held at the end of last year proposed that by the end of November 2023, the classification coverage rate of domestic waste in urban residential communities at the prefecture level and above had reached 90.2%. The classification and treatment of domestic waste in Shanghai, Xiamen, Guangzhou, Beijing and other cities has entered a new stage of "from quantitative change to qualitative change", and the main contradictions of domestic waste classification are also undergoing transformation, mainly manifested in: The transformation from kitchen waste to recyclables in terms of category, from facility construction to institutional construction in terms of system, from departmental management to multiple co-governance in terms of model, and from proportional treatment capacity to comprehensive performance in carbon reduction and pollution reduction in terms of indicators.
Overall, China's municipal solid waste classification and treatment in the "volume" of the improvement of the stage task has been basically completed. In the next step, we should focus on improving quality and efficiency on the basis of strengthening scientific management, and better serve green and low-carbon development, social governance at the grassroots level, and social civilization and progress.
Garbage classification demonstration cities should take standardized and efficient recycling of recyclables as the top priority in the next stage, accelerate the implementation of the extended producer responsibility system, deposit recovery system, garbage charging system and other systems, and constantly improve the technical level of the industry, management level and income level. To ensure the professional, young and healthy and stable development of the industry team, and to promote the formation of residents' habits and improve the level of social civilization as the goal, constantly innovate the construction of the system and mechanism of household waste classification and treatment.
In addition, the classification and treatment of rural domestic waste should be accurately implemented and promoted in an orderly manner. The Law on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by solid Waste, implemented in September 2020, stipulates that urban and rural areas, densely populated rural areas and other places where conditions permit, should establish an integrated urban and rural household waste management system; Other rural areas should actively explore the management model of domestic waste, adapt to local conditions, and use or properly dispose of domestic waste nearby.
Local people's governments at all levels should strengthen the prevention and control of rural household garbage pollution of the environment, protect and improve rural living environment. In rural areas where domestic waste collection and transportation systems have not been established, a standardized collection and transportation service system should be established as soon as possible to achieve full coverage of collection and transportation services in all villages; In rural areas where collection and handling systems have been established, the technical and management level of facilities should be continuously improved. The classification method of rural domestic waste should be connected and matched with the collection, transportation and treatment mode, and the domestic waste classification and treatment system should be built according to the priority order of "source classification and reduction - local and nearby utilization - large-scale centralized disposal - small decentralized disposal". For small decentralized disposal facilities, the competent industry authorities should, from the perspective of overall improvement of the quality of rural living environment, formulate construction, operation and pollution control standards that meet the actual, hierarchical management and dynamic improvement, and provide technical guidance and regulatory guarantee for the construction and operation of small decentralized disposal facilities.
Source：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/t1k7eAYHLQ-kETRhP22Rjw