The countermeasures and suggestions of domestic waste plastic pollution control in China
The reuse of plastics is mainly to promote deposit refund programs and packaging recycling programs. The reuse of plastics is mainly to promote deposit refund programs and packaging recycling programs. The plastic deposit system is suitable for the recycling of plastic recyclables with high value in domestic waste, especially for the social collection of food and beverage packaging, which can reduce the plastic packaging waste into the domestic waste classification system, reduce the secondary pollution of plastic recycling, improve the safe recovery rate of plastic packaging, and is an important embodiment of the extended producer responsibility system. In 2016, China Resources Ebao, the manufacturer of drinking water in China, cooperated with Beijing Wumart Supermarket in the sales side and Beijing Yingchuang in the recycling side to test the "deposit" of empty plastic bottles in Wumart Lenovo Bridge store, but there was no model that could be replicated and promoted on a large scale, and the lack of recycling responsibility of manufacturers led to the waste of plastic bottles entering the environment. Finally, it is dealt with by the sanitation system.
In terms of packaging recycling, the recycling of plastic packaging in the express delivery industry is an important way. According to relevant statistics, the production of disposable plastics accounts for about 50% of plastics, of which plastic packaging accounts for 40%, and the waste plastic packaging generated by the express delivery industry accounts for about 47% of plastic waste. Jingdong, Tmall, SF-Express and China Post and other express delivery industry head enterprises have carried out the corresponding reuse work, and achieved good results, such as China Post developed intelligent identity lock and number literal bill, using 5G, Internet of things and other technical support, designed circular packaging assembly with electronic ink screen that is digital face bill intelligent identity lock, The paper bag for packaging can be reused more than a thousand times, and the EF corrugated box can be reused more than 10 times. Although the express packaging industry has carried out a variety of innovations and applications in the reuse of plastic packaging, the plastic packaging that occupies the majority of the express industry comes from e-commerce packaging, and the phenomenon of excessive packaging of e-commerce is still common, and the reuse of packaging used by e-commerce delivery is difficult. The plastic deposit system is suitable for the recycling of plastic recyclables with high value in domestic waste, especially for the social collection of food and beverage packaging, which can reduce the plastic packaging waste into the domestic waste classification system, reduce the secondary pollution of plastic recycling, improve the safe recovery rate of plastic packaging, and is an important embodiment of the extended producer responsibility system. In 2016, China Resources Ebao, the manufacturer of drinking water in China, cooperated with Beijing Wumart Supermarket in the sales side and Beijing Yingchuang in the recycling side to test the "deposit" of empty plastic bottles in Wumart Lenovo Bridge store, but there was no model that could be replicated and promoted on a large scale, and the lack of recycling responsibility of manufacturers led to the waste of plastic bottles entering the environment. Finally, it is dealt with by the sanitation system.
In terms of packaging recycling, the recycling of plastic packaging in the express delivery industry is an important way. According to relevant statistics, the production of disposable plastics accounts for about 50% of plastics, of which plastic packaging accounts for 40%, and the waste plastic packaging generated by the express delivery industry accounts for about 47% of plastic waste. Jingdong, Tmall, SF-Express and China Post and other express delivery industry head enterprises have carried out the corresponding reuse work, and achieved good results, such as China Post developed intelligent identity lock and number literal bill, using 5G, Internet of things and other technical support, designed circular packaging assembly with electronic ink screen that is digital face bill intelligent identity lock, The paper bag for packaging can be reused more than a thousand times, and the EF corrugated box can be reused more than 10 times. Although the express packaging industry has carried out a variety of innovations and applications in the reuse of plastic packaging, the plastic packaging that occupies the majority of the express industry comes from e-commerce packaging, and the phenomenon of excessive packaging of e-commerce is still common, and the reuse of packaging used by e-commerce delivery is difficult.
Plastic recycling is mainly the recycling of plastics in domestic waste for recycling. According to the "Research Report on the Status Quo of Recycling and Utilization of low-value recyclables in China" issued by the Institute of Economic System and Management of the National Development and Reform Commission, in 2021, the recovery rate of all kinds of low-value recyclables in China is only 26.6%. In order to improve the recycling of low-value plastics, Meituan Takeout launched the "Green Mountain Plan" to promote the classification and recycling of plastic lunch boxes from the source. In the end recycling, Xiamen City in Haicang District planning and construction of Xiamen low-value recyclable sorting center project, the project covers a total area of about 5600 square meters, the use of "intelligent sorting + manual quality control + classification automatic packaging" sorting process, daily sorting low-value plastic recyclable capacity of 50 tons/day, is China's first intelligent low-value recyclable sorting center. At present, in addition to Xiamen has established a low-value recyclable sorting facility specializing in low-value plastic waste recycling, other areas have not yet established corresponding recycling and treatment facilities, low-value plastic waste mainly enters the "other waste" bucket, and eventually enters the incineration plant for disposal, failing to achieve recycling.
The recycling potential of plastic waste in the stock of garbage is huge. Since 1950, more than 9×109 tons of plastic waste has been produced globally, 70% of which has been disposed of in landfills. Zhao Yucai et al. studied the landfill time of less than 7 years, and found that waste plastics still have high resource properties, and can be used to make polyethylene and polypropylene plastic alloy particles without water cleaning under the premise of no secondary pollution, and then blend with wood fiber waste and hot-press to prepare new reinforced plastic wood composite materials through two capacity enhancement methods of grafting and coupling. Plastic waste can also be converted into chemical raw materials triene tribenzene instead of petroleum resources, according to estimates, sorting and recycling a ton of waste plastic can produce ethylene, propylene, butene, BTX (benzene, toluene, xylene) about 0.9 tons, to achieve an output value of about 7,000 yuan, the whole life cycle can reduce CO2 emissions of nearly 10 tons, About 3 tons of oil resources are consumed to reduce the production of basic chemical raw materials such as benzene. However, due to the risk of secondary pollution in the disposal process of the stock plastic, the resource utilization has not formed a scale at this stage, and the stock plastic waste is mainly used for energy utilization by incineration.
Repositioning and diversification refers to reducing plastic pollution by producing alternatives such as paper or compostable materials, including wrapping paper, packaging bags and takeaway packaging. In order to achieve the replacement of plastic materials, China has promoted biodegradable plastics in many places, such as Guangdong Province, Shaanxi Province and Jiangsu Province, and other regions have proposed to ban non-degradable plastic bags, regulate the use of plastic in places such as shopping malls and take-out industries; Xinjiang has put forward requirements for the use of plastic in region-wide postal express outlets, and by the end of 2025, the packaging bags, plastic tapes and disposable plastic woven bags used in postal express outlets should be degradable plastics. Because the existing domestic sanitation waste terminal treatment is mainly incinerated, the vast majority of degradable products are discarded as "other garbage" and enter the incineration facility through the sanitation and transportation system, which is difficult to produce the expected environmental benefits.
"Replacing plastic with bamboo" is an important innovation in replacing plastic. According to the advantages of fast production, small shrinkage, strong elasticity and toughness, easy planting, and natural degradation, bamboo has become an important substitute for plastics. In November 2022, the Chinese government and the International Bamboo and Rattan Organization jointly launched the "Bamboo instead of plastic" initiative to increase the proportion of green bamboo products in household goods, packaging materials, construction projects, etc., such as the use of bamboo instead of plastic in the field of household goods to produce shopping bags and various types of furniture, which can reduce the generation of plastic waste from the source. However, due to the large labor consumption in the production link, the high labor cost affects the production enthusiasm of employees and restricts the development of the industry.
Repositioning and diversification refers to reducing plastic pollution by producing alternatives such as paper or compostable materials, including wrapping paper, packaging bags and takeaway packaging. In order to achieve the replacement of plastic materials, China has promoted biodegradable plastics in many places, such as Guangdong Province, Shaanxi Province and Jiangsu Province, and other regions have proposed to ban non-degradable plastic bags, regulate the use of plastic in places such as shopping malls and take-out industries; Xinjiang has put forward requirements for the use of plastic in region-wide postal express outlets, and by the end of 2025, the packaging bags, plastic tapes and disposable plastic woven bags used in postal express outlets should be degradable plastics. Because the existing domestic sanitation waste terminal treatment is mainly incinerated, the vast majority of degradable products are discarded as "other garbage" and enter the incineration facility through the sanitation and transportation system, which is difficult to produce the expected environmental benefits.
"Replacing plastic with bamboo" is an important innovation in replacing plastic. According to the advantages of fast production, small shrinkage, strong elasticity and toughness, easy planting, and natural degradation, bamboo has become an important substitute for plastics. In November 2022, the Chinese government and the International Bamboo and Rattan Organization jointly launched the "Bamboo instead of plastic" initiative to increase the proportion of green bamboo products in household goods, packaging materials, construction projects, etc., such as the use of bamboo instead of plastic in the field of household goods to produce shopping bags and various types of furniture, which can reduce the generation of plastic waste from the source. However, due to the large labor consumption in the production link, the high labor cost affects the production enthusiasm of employees and restricts the development of the industry.
Source: https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/C0dJcate5EU8T5i--Ytldw