New Exploration on the Operation Supervision Model of Domestic Waste Treatment Facilities
Domestic waste treatment facilities are an important part of urban environmental infrastructure, the basic guarantee for promoting the implementation of the domestic waste classification system and the reduction, resource utilization and harmless treatment of domestic waste, and an important support for promoting the construction of ecological civilization. The "14th Five-Year Plan" Urban Domestic Waste Classification and Treatment Facilities Development Plan and the newly revised "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Waste" put forward that comprehensively improving the efficiency of resource utilization puts forward new and higher requirements for the classification and treatment of domestic waste in China.
01. Development of supervision model for domestic waste treatment facilities
The supervision of domestic waste treatment facilities is the supervision and management responsibility of the government to undertake the transportation and disposal of solid waste such as domestic waste, and its supervision mode is also constantly developing with the popularization of market-oriented sanitation operations, the change of main treatment methods and requirements, and the need for performance management of government funds. In 2000, Beijing began to supervise domestic waste treatment facilities. Over the past 20 years, the regulatory focus has been moving towards intelligence through harmlessness, reduction and resource utilization, and the corresponding regulatory model has been standardized, specialized and differentiated towards science and technology.
At this stage, the supervision of domestic waste treatment facilities has ushered in a new situation, new requirements and new challenges, which are mainly reflected in the following five aspects: First, the operation standards should be more stringent. Second, the process management should be more refined. Third, the confidence in safety management should be more sufficient. Fourth, guidance services should be more professional. Fifth, the overall level of facilities should be improved. Therefore, in 2022, Beijing began to study a new normalized facility operation supervision model. Innovate and establish a new normalized facility operation supervision model that combines daily inspection and evaluation and regular star evaluation system.
02. A new normalized facility operation supervision model
The new normalized facility operation supervision model is a supervision model formed by combining daily inspection and evaluation and regular star evaluation. The relationship between daily inspection and regular star evaluation is complementary and mutually reinforcing, and at the same time has its own emphasis.
2.1 Daily inspection and evaluation of household waste disposal facilities
The content of daily inspection and evaluation includes the inspection and evaluation of the implementation of the policies of the territorial management department by the municipal competent unit and the municipal regulatory enforcement department, and the inspection and evaluation of the operation and management of domestic waste treatment facilities. The form of inspection mainly includes on-site inspection and off-site supervision. At the same time, daily inspection and evaluation and guidance services are equally emphasized, and "physical examination-style" on-site evaluation of experts in the field of safety is carried out, and problems or hidden dangers in the operation of facilities are questioned, which can better guide rectification and improvement.
2.2 Regular star ratings of household waste disposal facilities
Domestic waste treatment facilities are divided into five stars, from highest to lowest, five stars (leading level), four stars (excellent level), three stars (good level), two stars (average level) and one star (poor level). The star rating system is implemented, and the total score is 100 points, which is scored according to the star rating system of domestic waste treatment facilities. The evaluation process implements an application system, and the star score results implement a dynamic adjustment system. The star evaluation results can be used as the basis for evaluating the technical upgrading and comprehensive treatment effects of facilities, and can also be used as the basis for the allocation of incentive and subsidy funds for domestic waste treatment facilities.
03. Breakthroughs in the new normalized regulatory model
(1) "Regulatory thinking" - breaking the original thinking mode
(2) "Regulatory standards" - establish modern industry benchmarks
(3) "Regulatory methods" - improve the double random inspection mechanism
(4) "Regulatory specialization" - give full play to the role of experts
(5) "Regulatory technology" - information technology empowerment
(6) "Regulatory power" - mobilizing multi-party supervision in society